1964 Winter Olympics

IX Olympic Winter Games
The emblem represents the coat of arms of Innsbruck, which shows the bridge on the Inn River that connects the old town and the Hötting district.
Host city	Innsbruck, Austria
Nations participating	36
Athletes participating	1091 (892 men, 199 women)
Events	34 in 6 sports
Opening ceremony	January 29
Closing ceremony	February 9
Officially opened by	President Adolf Schärf
Athlete's Oath	Paul Aste
Olympic Torch	Joseph Rieder
Stadium	Bergisel

The 1964 Winter Olympics, officially known as the IX Olympic Winter Games, were a winter multi-sport event which was celebrated in Innsbruck, Austria, from January 29 to February 9, 1964. The games included 1091 athletes from 36 nations, and the Olympic Torch was carried by Joseph Rieder,^[1] a former alpine skier who had participated in the 1956 Winter Olympics.

The games were affected by the deaths of Australian alpine skier Ross Milne and British luge slider Kazimierz Kay-Skrzypeski, during training, and by the deaths, three years earlier, of the entire US figure skating team and family members (see Prior tragedies below).

Host city selection

Innsbruck had two other candidate cities to go against for the 1964 Winter Olympics. Here are the resulting vote count that occurred at the 55th IOC Session in Munich, West Germany, on May 26, 1959, compliments of the International Olympic Committee Vote History web page.

1964 Winter Olympics Bidding Results
City	NOC Name	Round 1
Innsbruck	Austria	49
Calgary	Canada	9
Lahti	Finland	-

Games highlights

• Normally snowy Innsbruck was threatened by a lack of snow. The Austrian army carved out 20,000 ice bricks from a mountain top and transported them to the bobsled and luge runs. They also carried 40,000 cubic meters of snow to the Alpine skiing courses. The army packed down the slopes by hand and foot.^[2]
• Lidia Skoblikova achieved a "clean sweep" in the women's speed skating events, an achievement not matched by a man until Eric Heiden in the 1980 Lake Placid Games.
• Italian bobsleigh pilot Eugenio Monti distinguished himself by helping Britain's Tony Nash and Robin Dixon to win the gold medals when he loaned them an axle bolt to replace one that was broken. The Italians took bronze, but Monti was honored as the first recipient of the Pierre de Coubertin medal for sportsmanship.
• Egon Zimmermann of Austria took the gold medal in the men's downhill alpine skiing event.
• In the 4 man bobsled, the Canadian team won the gold medal with a total winning time of 4:14.46.
• Norway's Knut Johannesen won the men's 5,000m speed skating event in an Olympic record time of 7:38.40.
• Klavdiya Boyarskikh of the USSR earned three gold medals in cross-country skiing and, on the men’s side, Finnish Eero Mäntyranta won two and earned the nickname "Mr. Seefeld" after the venue because of his domination.
• In alpine skiing, French sisters Christine and Marielle Goitschel finished first and second in both the slalom and the giant slalom.
• Ski jumping gained a second event, and the sport of luge made its Olympic debut.
• Politically, the Games were notable because East and West Germany entered a combined team.
• The USSR won the most medals and the most gold medals at the Games.
• For the first time the Closing Ceremonies were held at a different place than the Opening Ceremonies.

Medal winners

• Alpine skiing
• Biathlon
• Bobsleigh
• Figure skating
• Ice hockey
• Luge
• Nordic skiing
  • Cross-country skiing
  • Nordic combined
  • Ski jumping
• Speed skating

Demonstration sport

• Ice stock sport

Venues

• Bergiselschanze - ski jumping
• Igls bobsleigh and luge track
• Olympia Eisstadion - figure skating and ice hockey
• Seefeld - cross country skiing and biathlon

Participating nations

36 nations sent athletes to compete in Innsbruck. India, Mongolia, and North Korea participated in the Winter Games for the first time. Athletes from West Germany (FRG) and East Germany (GDR) competed together as the United Team of Germany from 1956 to 1964.

Medal count

These are the top ten nations that won medals at these Games:

Rank	Nation	Gold	Silver	Bronze	Total
1	Soviet Union	11	8	6	25
2	Austria (host nation)	4	5	3	12
3	Norway	3	6	6	15
4	Finland	3	4	3	10
5	France	3	4	0	7
6	Germany	3	3	3	9
7	Sweden	3	3	1	7
8	United States	1	2	3	6
9	Netherlands	1	1	0	2
10	Canada	1	0	2	3

Prior tragedies

Two tragedies prior to the 1964 Winter Olympics affected the outcome and mood of the Games:

• Australian alpine skier Ross Milne and British luge slider Kazimierz Kay-Skrzypeski died during training shortly before the Games started. The organising committee said that Ross caught an edge and subsequently crashed into a tree. The IOC suggested that inexperience may have played a role in Ross's death, whereas Australian manager John Wagner suggested that overcrowding played a role, saying that he tried to slow down "on a spot which was not prepared for stopping or swinging" to avoid a crowd of contestants. His brother Malcolm Milne competed at the 1968 and 1972 Winter Olympics.

• On February 15, 1961, the entire US Figure Skating team and several family members, coaches, and officials were killed when Sabena Flight 548 crashed in Brussels, Belgium en route to the World Championships in Prague. This tragedy sent the US skating program into a period of rebuilding. The loss of the U.S. team was considered so catastrophic for the sport that the 1961 World Championships were cancelled, and impacted later Winter Olympics.

See also

• 1964 Summer Paralympics
• 1964 Summer Olympics

• Winter Olympic Games
• Olympic Games
• International Olympic Committee
• List of IOC country codes

Notes

References

• "Innsbruck 1964". Olympic.org. International Olympic Committee. http://www.olympic.org/en/content/Olympic-Games/All-Past-Olympic-Games/Winter/Innsbruck-1964. 
• "All the Medallists since 1896". Olympic.org. International Olympic Committee. http://www.olympic.org/en/content/All-Olympic-results-since-1896/?AthleteName=&Games=1334042&Country=&Sport=&TargetResults=true&resultsPageIPP=30. 
• "Australia and the Olympic Games" by Harry Gordon. ISBN 0-7022-2627-0

External links

• "Innsbruck 1964". Olympic.org. International Olympic Committee. http://www.olympic.org/en/content/Olympic-Games/All-Past-Olympic-Games/Winter/Innsbruck-1964. 
• The program of the 1964 Innsbruck Winter Olympics
• Map of the surrounding area